Systems and Innovation

Examines nuclear launch protocols, financial circuit breakers, and deliberate two-step hazard confirmation as demonstrations that protective friction is a structural safety feature, not a design failure.

Traces EHR interface design failures to measurable medication error rates, establishing that the medical interface crisis is a CRIP-equivalent phenomenon in clinical software design.

Documents aviation's glass cockpit transition and how digital interfaces increased IEAF in the mode-confusion regime, with accident data quantifying the cost of reducing electromechanical friction.

Uses TMI, Therac-25, and AF447 to establish that minimal input leading to maximal consequence is the signature failure mode of modern interface design, introducing the Interface Error Amplification Factor.