Colonialism

Explore the rapid conquest of Africa by European powers between 1880 and 1914, the brutal exploitation that followed, and the persistent legacies that continue to shape the continent.

Examining the spatial inequalities of the green transition and how the Global North's 'sustainability' depends on the Global South's vulnerability.

A critical exploration of the green energy transition's hidden costs, examining how lithium mining perpetuates colonial extraction while claiming sustainability.

A deep dive into the complex systems that allowed Spain to conquer and rule a vast empire for over three centuries—and how those systems still shape the modern world.

The empire is gone. But its operating system still runs Latin America, the Philippines, and even Spain itself. How three centuries of colonialism shaped the modern world.

A mathematical reconstruction of structural wealth transfer through currency regimes and debt.

Modeling the interwar deflationary peg and the export of £250 million in gold during the Depression.

Modeling the interwar deflationary peg and the export of £250 million in gold during the Depression.

Analyzing the seigniorage and Council Bill systems that centralized Indian wealth in London.

How the most powerful empire on earth—three centuries old, spanning four continents—shattered into a dozen pieces in less than twenty years.