Political Economy

The Church was more than a spiritual guide—it was the empire's operating system. From birth to death, it controlled every aspect of colonial life, shaping bodies, minds, and souls into faithful subjects of the Crown.

A deep analytical investigation into the systemic violence and atrocities of the Dutch East India Company.

A critical autopsy of the Dutch East India Company’s rise and systemic collapse.

How a labyrinth of racial labels—mestizo, mulatto, castizo, lobo—became the empire's most sophisticated control system.

Three overlapping systems of forced labor—each brutal, each flexible, and each designed to keep the empire running on human backs.

A single mountain in Bolivia turned Spain into a global cash machine—and bankrupted it at the same time.

A four-part investigation into the Dutch East India Company, separating popular legend from historical reality using economic history, systems analysis, and institutional critique.

How a 16th-century reform movement gave birth to the empire's most powerful and paradoxical machine: its legal system.

A critical analysis of how defense procurement decisions reveal deeper theories of state value, sovereignty, and economic welfare through the lens of two contrasting fighter jet programs.

A data-driven look at which European powers colonized the most land, for the longest time, and what the numbers reveal about the structure of empire.