Systems Thinking

How the collapse of the coffee economy forced the Rwandan regime to substitute incentives with systemic repression.

A critical analysis of how defense procurement decisions reveal deeper theories of state value, sovereignty, and economic welfare through the lens of two contrasting fighter jet programs.

A two-part series on the political economy of coffee in Rwanda and how its collapse contributed to the 1994 genocide.

Exploring how the choice between fighter jets like Gripen and F-35 reveals a state's theory of value in defense spending, from sovereign infrastructure to industrial policy.

How the Rwandan state transformed coffee cultivation into a tool for population monitoring and wealth extraction.

A three-part investigation into the de Havilland Comet 1, the world's first jet airliner, and the scientific detective work that uncovered the hidden physics of pressurized flight.

A photo gallery of the Comet disaster.

An investigation into the flawed testing protocols that masked the Comet’s vulnerability and how a single prototype’s survival doomed the production fleet.

A technical deep dive into the 1954 water tank experiments and how the squarish windows of the Comet turned air pressure into a structural saw.

An analysis of the three catastrophic break-ups in Calcutta, Elba, and Naples, and the institutional tendency to blame the weather when the machine is failing.